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Pythagoras
Bust of Pythagoras of Samos in the Capitoline Museums, Rome[1]
Born	c. 570 BC Samos
Died	c. 495 BC (aged around 75) either Croton or Metapontum
Era	Ancient Greek philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Pythagoreanism
Main interests	Mathematics Metaphysics Music Mysticism Ethics Politics Religion
Notable ideas	Communalism Metempsychosis Musica universalis Attributed ideas: Five climactic zones Five regular solids Proportions Pythagorean theorem Pythagorean tuning Sphericity of the Earth Vegetarianism
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Pythagoras of Samos^[a] (c. 570 – c. 495 BC)^[b][4] was an Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of the Pythagoreanism movement. His political and religious teachings were well-known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, Western philosophy. Knowledge of Pythagoras's life is largely clouded by legend and obfuscation, but he appears to have been the son of Mnesarchus, a seal engraver on the island of Samos. Modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences, but they do agree that, in around 530 BC, he travelled to Croton, where he founded a school in which initiates were sworn to secrecy and lived a communal, asceticlifestyle. Following Croton's decisive victory over Sybaris in around 510 BC, Pythagoras's followers came into conflict with supporters of democracy and Pythagorean meeting houses were burned. Pythagoras may have been killed during this persecution, or he may have escaped to Metapontum, where he eventually died.

The teaching most securely identified with Pythagoras is metempsychosis, or the "transmigration of souls", which holds that every soul is immortal and, upon death, enters into a new body. He may have also devised the doctrine of musica universalis, which holds that the planets move according to mathematical equations and thus resonate to produce an inaudible symphony of music. Scholars debate whether Pythagoras himself developed the numerological and musical teachings attributed to him, or if those teachings were developed by his later followers, particularly Philolaus of Croton. He probably prohibited his followers from eating beans, but he may or may not have advocated a strictly vegetarian diet.

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Source: wikipedia